Thanks to James Madison’s notes, we are able to virtually attend the Constitutional Convention of 1787. He recorded the debates.
These guys were in a vast land with an ineffective government.
States had been making up their own rules as they went along. So did people. Shay’s Rebellion had just occurred, and that scared all of the state governments.
The rebellious people and states did not agree on what should be done next. Their “Articles of Confederation” weren’t getting any jobs done, and this committee was trying to rectify that.
What could you do, if you were a member of the convention/committee elected to consider reforming the Confederation, facing multiple opponents dead-set on retaining their rights — slavery, at that time, being a right?
The answer is: Negotiate.
It’s fascinating to hear them doing that, in real time.
_________
Sample:
Tuesday August 21. in Convention
Mr L. Martin [of Maryland], proposed to vary the Sect: 4. art VII so as to allow a prohibition or tax on the importation of slaves.
1. As five slaves are to be counted as 3 free men in the apportionment of Representatives; such a clause would leave an encouragement to this traffic.
2. Slaves weakened one part of the Union which the other parts were bound to protect; the privilege of importing them was therefore unreasonable.
3. It was inconsistent with the principles of the revolution and dishonorable to the American character to have such a feature in the Constitution.
Mr. Rutledge [of South Carolina] did not see how the importation of slaves could be encouraged by this section.
He was not apprehensive of insurrections and would readily exempt the other States from the obligation to protect the Southern states against them.
Religion & humanity had nothing to do with this question. Interest alone is the governing principle with nations.
The true question at present is whether the Southern States shall or shall not be parties to the Union.
If the Northern States consult their interest, they will not oppose the increase of slaves, which will increase the commodities of which they will become the carriers.
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