There’s Too Much Gold in the Universe. No One Knows Where It Came From.
Live Science| 01 October 2020 | Rafi Letzter
Gold is an element, which means you can’t make it through ordinary chemical reactions — though alchemists tried for centuries.
To make the sparkly metal, you have to bind 79 protons and 118 neutrons together to form a single atomic nucleus.
That’s an intense nuclear fusion reaction.
But such intense fusion doesn’t happen frequently enough, at least not nearby, to make the giant trove of gold we find on Earth and elsewhere in the solar system.
And a new study has found the most commonly-theorized origin of gold — collisions between neutron stars — can’t explain gold’s abundance either.
So where’s the gold coming from?
There are some other possibilities, including supernovas so intense they turn a star inside out.
Unfortunately, even such strange phenomena can’t explain how blinged out the local universe is, the new study finds.
Neutron star collisions build gold by briefly smashing protons and neutrons together into atomic nuclei, then spewing those newly-bound heavy nuclei across space.
Regular supernovas can’t explain the universe’s gold because stars massive enough to fuse gold before they die — which are rare — become black holes when they explode, said Chiaki Kobayashi, an astrophysicist at the University of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom and lead author of the new study.
And, in a regular supernova, that gold gets sucked into the black hole.
During a magneto-rotational supernova, a dying star spins fast and is wracked by such strong magnetic fields that it turns itself inside out as it explodes.
As it dies, the star shoots white-hot jets of matter into space. And because the star has been turned inside out, its jets are chock full of gold nuclei.
Stars that fuse gold at all are rare. Stars that fuse gold then spew it into space like this are even rarer.
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But gold remains an enigma.
Something out there that scientists don’t know about must be making gold, Kobayashi said.
Or it’s possible neutron star collisions make way more gold than existing models suggest.
In either case, astrophysicists still have a lot of work to do before they can explain where all that fancy bling came from.
Wait. How closely related is this gold scientist to the Kobayashi Maru test?